September in Ontario is a month of transition. The days can still be warm and sunny, with bees flying well and working the remaining blooms, but the nights are getting colder and the colony is already responding to the change. In the August Apiary Notes⁠, we focused on watching entrances, robbing pressure, wasps, bottom boards, and keeping useful records. Those observations still matter, but September moves the work one step deeper into the hive. In our apiary, this is usuall

Introduction Bees are among the most important pollinators in the world. They support biodiversity, healthy ecosystems, and a large portion of the crops that sustain global food systems. Understanding how bees live and how to protect them has required decades of scientific research and environmental advocacy. Many women have played a crucial role in advancing bee science and pollinator protection. Through research, education, and environmental leadership, they have helped exp